It was previously thought that the onset of cramps during physical exercise was due to electrolyte imbalance. However, the latest scientific evidence links the appearance of cramps to neurological dysfunction created by repetitive muscle contraction.
Muscle stretching before exercise does not prevent the onset of cramps.
It has been demonstrated that sodium supplementation is not necessary to maintain proper hydration during exercise periods exceeding 30 hours, even under intense heat. Excessive sodium consumption can increase the risk of exercise-associated hyponatremia and pulmonary edema, so sodium supplementation should be avoided.
